schneider



Sept. 6, 1927. E. SCHNEIDER AEFARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE FIRING AGAINST AERIAL CIBJECTIVES Original Filed Jan. 5. 1922 4 SheetsSheet 1 Mam M mi) Se pt, 6 1927; E. SCHNEIDER 16,734

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE FIRING AGAINST AERIAL OBJECTIVES 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Original Filed Jan.

EEEzzcEE NNN Sept. 6, 1927.

E. SCHNEIDER APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING THE FIRING AGAINST AERIAL OBJECTIVES Original Filed Jan. 5, 1922 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig).

Reicaued Sept. 6,1927.

UNITED STATES Re. 16,734 PATENT ?OFFI( ZE.

seem scnmumm, or rams; amen, ASSIGNOR 'ro scnmirniin a one, on runs, names, a LIMITED JOINT-STOCK com any or FRANCE, AND JOSEPH LOUIS BOUTIN, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

. ArrAnATUs FOR CONTROLLING THE FIRING AGAINST AEBIAI; OBJECTIVES.

Original No. 1,576,367, dated larch 9,1826, Serial No. 527,275, filed January 5, 1922. Application reissue filed August 10, 1926. Serial No. 128,485.

This invention relates to an apparatus for directing and controlling the fire of anti-aircraft guns a ainst an aerial objective.

The prob emrof firing against aerial 'objectives has been generally explained in U. S.

\ trically recording and compounding ballis-.

Patent No. 1,345,697, dated July- 6, 1920, which discloses means for -.gra hically obtain' the data. necessary for irecting the fire o anti-aircraft guns. After said data has been graphically obtained by the use of said means, it was necessary for certain members of the fire control party same to the guns being controlled.

An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for directing and controlling the fire of anti-aircraft guns which comprises means for mechanically and electic data, whenactuated by members of the fire control part It includes means, operatively connecte for transmitting directly to indicators 'located adjacent said gun or guns, this corrected data including windage corrections.

The apparatus further includes means interposed between said indicators and the training and pointing mechanisms of the gun, or guns, whereby, when said gun, or guns, are

, laid to the proper angles of elevation and train, the pointers of said indicators will 00- cupy certain predetermined sitions..

When compared with devices of this type which have been heretofore proposed, the apthe subject matter of this aratus formingl inventionv has t e following novel and ad- 1 vantageous characteristics (12 l It utilizes strictly I exact formulas whic when automatically translated into mechanical operations, constantly give the recting the firing.

(2) It combines, in one body, an-apparatus,-that will be hereinafter referred to as a exact values of all elements necessary for dicorrector, which comprises all the necessary elements for directly and continuously determining the angles ofazimuth an'd'elevation through which the guns must be moved, or pointed, in order to take into account the movement of the objective and the speed and direction of the wind; the said elements are directly transmitted, electrically, to indicators mounted on, or adjacent, the guns, said indicators being operatively conto transmit the j with the aforesaid means,

nected to members used for laying the gun in azimuth and elevation. v

(3) It eliminates the which arises when the firing data is taken .from a plotting board and transmitted by members of the fire control party to the guns. The followingadvantages result from the above arrangement: .Y j

(a) Any error in' the designation of the objective 1S avoided when, as generally hapens, there is not one single enemy aeroplane ut squadrons of aeroplanes. (b) As-the operators which have to operate the corrector are 32118 required to follow the objective, indi t firing may be effected, that is the data may be determined relatively to a fixed point which advanta is more particularly appreciable when igh caliber ns are used which have to be hidden in s elters under conditions such that it would be diflicult for the operators of the gun'to observe and to follow the objective.

0) Only two operatives, a gun pointer an a gun trainer are required at each for continuously and correctly laying the piece.

(d) The continuity of the pointing has for its consequence, as will be'seen afterwards, an important simplification in the formulae.

(e) The maximum of simplicity and strength is maintained for the material.

(4) The corrector gives also the indicaj automatically produced by an electric switch at the precise moment when it is to be effected. L

for

ersonal equation I (6) The corrector comprises a. small motor having a constant speed which through the intermediary of variable ratio transmissions produces a regular dis lacement of the sightingtelescopes arrange. on saidapparatus. The shocks which cannot be avoided when the operation is made by hand are thus suppressed and, moreover, the duties of the operatives are considerably simplified. In other words, the operators which have to follow the objective, instead of actuating the telescopes have only to vary the ratio of the transmission between the motor and the telescope so as to adapt it to the movements of the objective.

Before describing the apparatus it IS necessary to establish new formulae and to refer to the well-known formulae which are used and to show in what manner these formulae are mechanically interpreted.

It will be assumed that the objective moves at a constant height H and that it is displaced with a rectilinear and uniform motion at a speed V.

The moment when the readings are made will be taken as origin of the times and the D',,, D',, D, are horizontal projections of the distances of the objective to the gunners eye.

0 0,, 0, are the angles of the path.

13" is the projection'of theon a vertical plane parallel to B 2",, Z",, Z' are the projections on one and the same" vertical plane of the positions of the objective. I

D D,, D, are the distances from the objective. a a a, are the angles of site. n o w, are 'the azimuths measured from B'- A' which is perpendicular to Z ,,1Z',.

(t .e (t).

are the azimuthal and zenithal angular speeds. 8=t.,-w, Is the kinetic correction m direction, to be determined.

In the particular of. a continuous 'e'orrection being e'fiected which is practically are horizontal projections of A 1s a projection of B on the path ers eye a=,,a', is the kinetic correction in site,

id l- 8,, is the wind correction in direction,

0,, is the wind correction in site,

W is the speed of the wind,

41 is an angle between the direction of the wind and the line N S (an imaginary line running northand south) positively measured in a clockwise direction. e5

0) is the angle between the direction of r the firing plane and theline N S measured as above.

V is the initial speed of the projectile. h is the tangent elevation.

i is the inclination to be given to the gun. e' is the fuse-setting.

1. Determination of sin 8.

In the triangle B'Z' Z' at. ,:sin a 1) The triangles Z A'B' and Z' A'B' give whence but sin 0, is connected to the measured angular speed by the relation:

- it (iil iii which gives By replacing sin 0,, in (2) by. this value my Q T dt sin a, in 1 by this Lastly, replacing value,

. (D'l'dw I s1n.6=f: 5. (4) On the other hand: i v

.H in tanafl tana,

and we can write:

n v t 1= o r=m By substituting in 4 it m...

carried out in an apparatus aeeording to the we present invention, since: 1= -1=- 1 which it comprises maybe automatically obtained as will be seen hereinafter by utilizing a very simple conoid which has a surface that is curvedin accordance with (a and the formula is reduced to Sin a f 9l tan 01 The above formula is strictly exact and the correcting factor 2. Determimtwn of sin a.

tan (d -Hr) r tan an In the triangle B" Z Z,", we have 7 BIIZI! Z I H SlIl U='-z" z", D',-1)', m 7) Referring to Fi 1 it is seen that Su ng this Value Of 'z '1 D D' :Z lJ+E(,:Vf cos 0 +D sin 8 We g t:

ten; 5. I

Vf,H me 1 am o cos 0 DDfl $111 6 tan 5 (8) By Substituting this value of V in the first term of (8) and cos a sin (2 for I but on the other hand:

2 da H cos p. (9) whence: V 1 1 v p V a H cos 0 (It a in the second term of (8) we get:

I 0 D d I 1 S111 0',=fgc -b;b h -cos a, S111 a sm 6 tan 5 5 Simplifying the last term by expanding in multiplying the factors together and neglectseriesthe terms sin 6 and tan %8, and then ing terms of the fourth order and higher, we

get. COS 01 D20 fig I sin v--f, 00D1D2 d o 2 09811 5111 01 (10) but we can write: whence:

e) I tan0 0 sin a cos a, (12) v Q r r I 1 d since the angle Z B Z 1 is equal to 6 7 (as- )0 suming w to be increasing proportionately).

' We have then: By replacing tan 0 by this value in (11) cos 0 we get 7 cos 0 1+8 tan 0,, (11) On the other hand: i =1 i! 0 in a cos a' 0 008 do t t a v S111 0 0 o By substituting this value in (10) we 2 cos a, sina (13)" 7 in f sin 0 cos DAD, dt 2 B B, d: 7;

80 Referring to Equation .4 and considering 8 equal to sin 8, it will be seen that this last equation may be written: v

sin :1 00s a icos a; sin a tsp . and

WVe have however and it may be admitted that:

v I 2 y By substituting in (13) and. simplifying,

carried out in' the apparatus according to In the particular case when a continuous correction is effected which is practically s'ina- This formula is strictly exact and the two correcting factors which it comprises; thatsin 0) sin 04, i

a". ESIDCIQOOSGQ may, as will be seen hereinafter, be automatically obtained. The first one by means of a conoid formed according to f(or and f(o') and the second by means of a conoid formed according to f(a and f(8) (since in the second term a, may without any appreciable error replaced by or 3. Determination of the corrections.

3 The two followin "welleknown formulae have been used for wind corrections: v

8.=F(H, Wsin (m-mfi) 16 gin which F (H,,,) is an empiric function.

educ'ed from firing tables) and For .i applying the above. formula two conoids are used which are rotated according to f (u-up) and which are displaced along their axes through the distances equal to F (11.1 W and 0.00025 HW respectively. -The latter two quantities are in fact determined by means of two graphs on which are drawn the group of convergent lines re- Jemima, 4g

V of a graph comprising a grou k corresponding to drawn as a flmction of the angle of side and I necessary feratlon to-act b means of successive apthe present invention, since:

a za 111 :110 5 :0

the formula (14) is reduced to:

Jig t s t spectively graduated in F (11,0 and in H according to their angular coeflicients. The said graphs are wound u n'two drums the rotation of which is efi ted according to 7 (W). -The values of the products F (H d W and 0.00025 HW-are read along a generating line upon corresponding lines. The value of F (H r is itself determined according to'a special graph constructed as a function of H and a '4. The detemnination of 150th formulae (6) and 15 which give 8 and 0' assume that the determination of the duration f, of the flight has been efiected.

means curves elghts and This determination will be effected bfy e various of the said duration.

As f, is in fact a function of H and of thefuture angle of site +0, it will be at the commencement of each opproximations an take as a first approximate value of a value correspondlng to 0:0,131115 this oes not introduce any comlication inthe utilization of the apparatus ause as it will be seen afterwards, all these calculations will be automatically ef- V fected.

(if the setting of the'fuse e.

If it were possible to efiect the adjustment of the fuse in the bore of the gun, and at the moment when the shot is fired, then 'the'fuse-setting e could be considered as a function of the future angle of site u,+a and ofthe duration f, of the flight. But

the fuses which are used at present must be adjusted before the projectile is inserted in the gun, and it is therefore necessary to take into account the variation! of f during the tilnet which is necessary for adjusting the fuse and for loading the gun. l

flight, the fuse-setting varies ver angle of site andof the yfiight.

Theoretically the said reading should be- To this end the product will be automatically determined and e will be read on a graph comprising a group. of curves corresponding to the various values of e and drawn as functions of the duration f of the made for the point which is determined by the duration of the flight and 'by xthe angle of-site 1+5) pg however, no appreciable error will be introduced if theterm Ufa is cancelled in the expression of the angle "of site because for a given. duration of the slowlyonly with the angle of site. It s ould be pointed out that when use is made of me- 6. :Th? I determination of the tangent ele cl anical fuses the fuse-settin will be entirely independent of the ang e of. site and that the simple relation e51 dt 0 will be then obtained. V

v b J cation; The tangent elevation 11., that is the angle through Which the gun should. be vertically displaced in addition to the futurerangle-of site will be considered as being a function of the duration f, of the flight and of the future. angle of site a -l-o will be automatically determinedby'means of a special conoid.

To simplify the drawings and explanation, the' corrector has been illustrated in combination'with a single gun having suitable indicators for pointing and training. but it will be apparent that the corrector may be used equally as well with a plurality of guns.

"In practice it would probably be desirable to employ the corrector to control the fire of .a battery of several guns.

The invention will be understood by ref erence to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the several views, and in which:

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram.

Figs. 2 and 2* show diagrammatically the whole arrangement of the members of the corrector, their mechanical connections and the electrical connections between the corrector and one of the guns of the battery which is to becontrolled by said corrector.

Fig. 3 shows details of one of the conoids.

Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a lateral elevation and back view of the mechanical tachometer for determining the setting of the fuse.

Fig. 6 shows the device for'displacing the pointing handles.

Fig. 7 shows the graphwhich' gives f and e.

In all the above figures, the electrical connections have been shown with dotted lines and the transmission shafts with dot and dash lines.

Referring to Fig. 2, 1 is a. training tele-.

scope for controlling the angle of train of a gun and 2 is an elevatin telescope for controlling the pointing in e evation of said gun in a manner to be described more fully hereinafter. The two telescopes are of the periscope or bent type and are mounted at the ends ofa common shaft 3 carried by two bearings 4 and. 5 fixed to the casing which contains all the other members. In

ill)

this casing, which has not been illustrated,

the various members are preferably grou ed otherwise than they are shown iii the diagram where their distribution has been dispersed in such a manner as to be projected for clearness of the drawing upon a single plane thereb avoiding a superposition of members. he casing .which supports the bearings, which have got been illustrated, of the various shafts illustrated in the diagram ma rotate together will all the members which it contains, around a vertical axis 6 integral with a large worm wheel-7 fixed to the fixed stand of the apparatus.

The 'movement for training the whole arrangement is obtained by actuating a handle 8 which, through the intermediary I of pinions 9 and 10, drives a worm 11 which bears upon the fixed worm wheel 7.

The movement for pointing or elevating.

the two telescopes is obtained by actuating a handle 12 which, through the intermediary of pinions 13 and 14, of a shaft '15, and pin-ions 16 and 17-drives a worm 18 which rotates the Worm wheel 19 keyed on the shaft 3.

The handle 8 drives through the intermediary of a shaft carrying pinion 9, the armature 20 of a small magneto, one brush 21 of which is fixed whilstthe other brush ture 20 is evident 22 is displaced, as it will be hereinafter exlained, proportionally to the values of f he electric voltage supplied. by the armay proportional to its an- If a uniform distribution of the magnetic flux is secured in the magneto, the voltage supplied by armature 20 may also be-rendered proportional to the angular distance between the brushes 21, 22, that is, said voltage will be proportional to f,.

It therefore possible to obtain a voltage between 21 and 22 which shall be proportional to the product 1 If the commutator of the magneto has a sufficient number of segments, then if weak gular speed voltages and very weak currents only are used, any formation of sparks is easily avoided, whatever the position of the movable brush may be.

The handle 12 drives the armature 23 of a small magneto, one brush of which 24 is fixed whilst the other 25 is displaced, as is 22, an angular distance pro ortional to the values of f,. A voltage w i'ch is proportional to the product is therefore obtained between 24 and 25. i

The armature 20 is connected to the ends of a rheostat 26, 27 arranged along an arc of a circle and on which a movable contact 28 rubs which contact is automatically carried over asit will be explained hereinafter,

' insuch a manner that the arc 26,28 shall be constantly proportional to tan a.

p The pointer 29 of a voltmeter 30 connected I tain pointer 29 during the operation of the between the points 26, 28 will therefore be deviated through an angular distance proportional to the product ftan (a t-a) Q:

3 128.110 dl'o that is, an angular distance proportional to 8 (see formula (6)). An operative will mainapparatus, adi'acent a zero graduation by actuatin hand e 31, which, through the interme iary of a worm 32 causes the rotation of a wheel 33 to which is fixed at one end a spiral sprin suppl ing the antagonistic couple inten ed to ba ance the magnetic couple applied to the frame of the voltmeter 'adopte the an therefore those of 28 s 30. As the couple of the s iral is proportional to its torsion it will e seen that the number of revolutions of the handle 31 is proportional to 8.

The armature 23 is connected to the ends of a rheostat 34,35 arranged along an arc of a circle and on which a movable contact rubs which contact is automatically driven as will be hereinafter explained in such a manner that the arc 34, 36 shall be constantly proportional to f If e ual coeflicients of proportionality are gular distance between the two pointers 37 and 39 will be proportional to a :i:0a (,JT)osm a-cos or that is proportional to'd" see formula (15) During the operation 0 the corrector an operative will-maintain the pointer 37 opposite the pointer 39 by operating a handle 40. which, through the intermediary of a worm 41, causes the rotationofthe wheel 42,'to which is fixed one end vof a spiral spring which supplies the antagonistic couple intended to balance the electro-magnetic couple applied to the frame of the voltmeter 38.- As the couple of the spiral'is proportional -to its torsion it is seen that the number of revolutions of the handle 40 is. proportional to o.

-The displacement of the movable contact 28 is automatically obtained in the following manner: The said contact is fixed at one end of a level integral with the pinion 43 earing with a rack 44- which is vertically isplaced'and the lower end of which remains constantly applied against the: surface of a conoid 45.-- Y

In order that the dis all be rendered proportional to v a u+.) tan tana av it is sufficient to mount the conoid insuch a lacements of 44 and manner as to-cause its rotation together with the shaft 46 to take place as a function of a whilst displacing it longitudinally along 46 according to f (a). The rotation of the shaft 46 is obtained by means of a worm wheel 47, of a-worm 48, pinions 49 and 50, a shaft 51, pinions 52 and 13 and a handle 12. The longitudinal displacement is obtained by means of a screw 53, of pinions 54, 55, of a shaft 56, of pinions 57, 58 and a handle which, as seen above rotates according to f (0). The details of construction of conoid are given hereinafter by we of example in the description of Fig. 3.

he displacement of the movable contact 36 is automatically obtained in the following manner: The said contact is fixed at one end of a lever integral with a, pinion 59 gearing with a rack 60 which is vertically displaced and the lower end of which remains constantly applied against the surface of a conoid 61'. In order that the displacements of 60 and therefore those of 36 shall be rendered proportional to sin (a +a) it is sufficient to mount the conoid 61 in such a manner as to cause 1ts rotat on to-,

gether with the shaft 46, which as seen above, is driven in function of (1 whilst it is-longitudinally displaced along 46 according to f (a). The longitudinal displace- 'ment is obtained by means of a screw 62,

of pinions 63, 64 and of a shaft 56 which, as seen above, rotate proportionally to 0'.

The displacement of the movable pointer 39 is automatically obtained by means of a rod 65 which is vertically displaced and the lower end of which remains constantly applied against the surface ofa conoid 66. -In order that the displacements of 39 shall be rendered proportional to n 0 CO8 o,

it is suflicient to mount the conoid 66in such a manner as to cause its rotation together with the shaft 46 which, as seen above, is drivenpro ortionally to 41, whilst it is longitudinally (8). The said longitudinal displacement is obtained by means of a screw "67, of pinions 68, 69, of a shaft 70, of pinions 71, 72, of

a shaft 73, of pinions 74, 75, of worm'32, and of handle 31 which, as seen above, ro-

, tates proportionally to 8.

It isstated above that the brushes 22 and 25 were automatically displaced proportionally to f,. The said displacement isobtained in the following manner: The brush 22 is integral with a worm wheel 76 driven by a worm'77 mounted on a'shaft 78. On

7 the otherlhand, the brush 25'integral' with a isplaced according to fworm wheel 79, is driven by a worm 80 I a manner as constantly to maintain the said pointer 87 upon the curve corresponding to the indicated height. The said curves are drawn by measuring vertically the angle of site and horizontally the corresponding value of the duration of flight and the graph 88 is driven as will be hereinafter explained in such a manner that the horizontal line passing through 87 shall correspond to the future angle of site a +o'. It is seen that u'nderthese conditions the displacements of the pointer 87 will be equal to f, and that therefore the shaft 78 and the brushes 22 and 25 will indeed rotate proportionally to f 7 I The graph 88 is drawn on a sheet which is wound upon two rollers 89 and 90. The upper roller 90 is driven by a shaft 92 integral with the satellites 93. 94 of a differential gear, one inion 95 of which is actuated proportiona ly to o by means of a worm wheel 96, a worm 97 and a handle 40 whilst the other wheel 98 is driven proportionally to a, by means of a worm wheel 99, a worm 100, pinions 49, 50, shaft 51, pinions 52 and 13 and a handle 12. The graph sheet 88 is therefore driven by 92 proporti onally to a +cr.

The cloth on which are drawn the curves 'very little part from the vertical line.

These are excellent conditions for facilitating the reading of the fuse-setting which will be made as previously explained, opposite the pointer 101, which is practicallyv displaced on the same horizontal line as 87 and which should be horizontally displaced an amount a d! 0 relatively to the latter.

To simplify the drawings and explana= tion, itwillbe assumed that the said result is obtalned by means of a small magneto 102 operated by 86v and which therefore can supply a tensionlequal to which is connected to a voltmeter 103 mountof the r0 ed on a carriage 104 driven together with the displacement of 87. It is immediately seen that'thedisplacement of 101 relatively to the graph would indeed be under these conditions equal tobut that is only a theoretical arr'an ement which in practice will be replaced y the one illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

The tangent elevation h, which is considered as a function of f and of +0, is automatically (given by a vertical displacement constantly applied against a conoid 106.

This conoid is mounted in such a manner as to be capable of rotating with a shaft 107 according to f (-oz +a) and moreover to be displaced along the said shaft according to f(f,). The rotatioil of the shaft 107 is obtained by means ofpinions 108, 109 of a shaft 110, pinions 111, 112 and of shaft 92 which, as seen above rotates proportion-- ally to +a; the longitudinal displacement is obtained by means of a worm 113, worm -wheel 114, worm 115, pinions 116 and 117 and'handle 86 which, as seen above,rotates a'ccordin to'the value f(f,,)'.

In or er to obtain the inclination which should be given to the gunwhenthe wind is zero, a differential gear is used,

. one pinion 118 of which is driven proportionally vto a -i-a, by a worm wheel 119 and (measured from the directionN-S) which 1 should be iven to the gun when the wind is zero, a di erential gear is used, one pinion of which 125 is driven proportionally to w i by means of a worm wheel 126, of a worm 127, of pinions 128, 129 of a shaft 130, of pinions 131 and 9 and of handle 8,. whilst the other pinion 132 is driven prbportionally to 8 by means of a worm wheel 133, aworm 134 and handle 31 which, as seen above r0- tate proportionally to 8. The satellites 135 'and 136 of the differential gearcause the .rotationof the shaft 137, proportionally of the sum +8 to which a constant K is 105 the upper end of whichis The value of F added, equal to the angular difference between directionBA and the direction N-S.

The correction of the training for taking 1 into account the influence of the wind is antomatically given by the vertical displace-- ment of a. rod 138, the lower end of which is constantly applied against the conoid 139;

this conoid is mounted-in such a manner as to be capable of rotating together with the shaft 140 according to a function of (0-41 and to be also capable of being displaced along the said snaft according to F( ,a,,). The shaft 140 is driven by the satellites 141,; 142 of a-diflerent-ial gear one pinion 143 of which is driven proportionally to m by the worm wheel 144, worm 145, pinions 146, 147 of the shaft 137 which as seen above, rotates according to. f (w), whilst the other pinions 148 is driven'aecording to f by the worm wheel 149, worm 150 and handle 151 which .is actuated; by an operative, who is responsible for the windage corrections,-in such a manner as to bring the indication III of the a graduation drawn on 148 under a fixed pointer 152. The shaft 140 is thus rotated through an angle H- displacement is obtained by means 0 a screw.

"153, pinions 154, 155, shaft 156, pinions 157,-

The ion 'tudinal 158, shaft 159, pinions 160, 161 and handle 162 integral with a screw on which is mounted a nut carrying a pointer 163'which the operative, who afiects'windage corrections brings on the curve of the graph 164 corre sponding to the value of F -(H,a indicated \as willbe shown hereinafter. ,The

graph 164 is. carried bya drum which is dia-v ogs placed by hand by acting upon the handle 326 in such a manner as to bring the fixed pointer 227 in front of the indicationW on the graduation of speeds 228 drawn on the (H,u.,) is read upon a graph carrying drum periphery of the drum 164. The value of F 218 which is rotatedJ-by hand by-means of a handle 219 in suclra manner as to bring the fixed pointer 220 opposite the indication H upon the graduation of altitudes 221 drawn on'the periphery of the drum. The

reading is made opposite the pointer 222 a which is automatically driven according to a function of the angle of site alon a gen erating line of the drum 218; the said automatic driving is obtained'by means of a nut 223 mounted on worm '48 which, as seen above, rotates accordin to f'( ,a,,) read from the graph on the drum 218, designates the proper curve on the drum 164. Pointer 163 is maintained 'onpthis curvejby means of handle 162,

the loniitudinal displacement of ointer 163 (11,11 .W. ngitudinal displacement of the po nter being, t erefore,proportional to The 0 is transmitted by means of pinions 161, 160,

shaft 159, pinions 158, 157, shaft 156, pinions 155, 154, to the screw 153 which,dis-

places the conoid 139 longitudinally proportionall toF (H,,,).W. Conoid'139isrotated 1 as exp ained above, by shaft 140 according taking into account the influence of the wind is automatically givenby a vertical displacement of a rod 165 the lower end of which is constantly applied against the conoid 166.

The said conoid is mounted in such a manner as to be ca able of rotating with the -V shaft 140 accordingfto f (H) and also to be capable of being displaced along the said shaft according to a function of 0.00025 HW. It has been previously seen how the shaft 140 is driven according to a function of The longitudinal displacement f8 obtained by means of a screw 167, pinions 168, 169, a shaft, 170, pinions 171, 172 of a shaft 173, of pinions 17 4, 17 and of a bandle. 176 integral with the screw on which is mounted a nut carrying the pointer 177 which the 0 rative who makes the win age corrections rings on the curve of the gra h 178 corres onding graph 178 is carried by a drum which 1s mte 'al with the graph carrying drum 164,

he influence of the wind on the duration I, of the flight is in fact a complex function which, depends more particularly on 0., on the angle of site and on f, itself. Al-

though it is not possible to establish any algebraical formula giving the value'of the corres ending correction, it is immediately seen t at this correction should be directly roportioned to -a',,, and that'it should dimins ish when the angle of site increases. This correction has therefore the general form of the function provided that the determination of f on the graph 88 would be effected for the point corresponding to the height H and to the angle of site a +a +Pa 1n whichf ormula P is a constant depending more particularly on the type of projectile which is used. In

order automatically to obtain the addition of the term R0,, a-difierential gear could be provided on theshaft 92' but in orderflto simplify the drawings only a horizontal ruler 319 has been illustrated in the diagram which ruler is fixed on to'the upper part of the rod 165 and on which the lower'end of the pointer 87- bears constantly, the said pointer being mounted in such a manner as to be capable of sliding freelyin a vertical direction relatively to the carriage which displaces'it horizontally.

It is unnecessary, as has already been pointedout, to bring a secondary correction displaced proportionally .to F

to the value H. e

of the order of size 0 in the vertical position of the pointer 101 which gives the fuse-setting e.

The transmission to the gun, of the data for firing may be effected as shown in the diagram by using the electrical apparatus for indicating and repeating movements at a dis tance, described in my U. S. Patent No.

1,402,096, dated January 3, 1922. This elec-v trical apparatus is based on the known principle of Wheatstone bridge, that it comprises at each station a circular rheostat occupying an arc equal-to of a circle and on which two movable diagrammatically opposite contacts'a-re rubbing the order which has been transmitted to the receiving station, is car; 1 ried out there byoperating the movable'contact until the pointer in the voltmeter is brought back to zero.

In orderto make a correction of an order which has been transmitted, the transmitting rheostat may be displaced relatively to its brushes and it is recisely this artifice which has been used or adding the wind coprections to the main elements of the future angle of site and azimuth. For instance, the rheostat 179 which is provided for transmission of ,angle of azimuth is displaced according to a function of the wind correction by rod 138, rack 180, and a toothed are 181, intgeral-with 179. Also, in the same manner the rheostat 182 which .is transmission of the angle 0 site is displaced according to a function of the wind correction by rod 165, rack 183, and toothed are 184 integral with 182. a

The future angle of azimuth istransmitted rovided for the l by the displacement of brushes 185 and 186 fixed on the worm wheel 187 which is driven i by a worm 188 keyed on the shaft 137 which,

,a's seen above rotates accordingto a'function 0f (D -+8. Y J k The future angle of site is transmitted by the displacement of brushes 189' and 190 sev 'pointer 152; then the handle 8 is actuated in such a. manner as to'bring the ro of the peripheral graduation which ismmon to the two conoids 139 and 166 in front of the pointer 281. The station, or corrector, is then directed towards the north by displacing it relativel to its stand and with out interfering wit the pointinghandle; lastl the large worm wheel 7 is fixed to the stan The gun 193 is trained by means of a banvdle 1.94, a shaft 195' passing in bearings 196 fixed to the-gun carriage'197 and carrying apinion 198 gearing with. the circular toothed member 199-fixed to the saddle. The

gun. The shaft 207 is also provided with a worm 211adapted to rotate a wheel 212 which carries the contacts 213 and 214. The latter coacts with the rheostat 215. The gun pointer actuateshandle 206 in such a manner as to mantain the pointer of the voltmeter 216 at zero. p

A. storage battery 217 serves to feed the rheostat 179, 182, 204 and 2151 The connections between the source 217 and the rheostats and the connection between the movable contacts and the voltmeters are shown by the dotted lines.

Besides those which are shown in the diagram there are also electrical connections between the Corrector .and the guns which transmit the fuse settings and which automatically fire the gun.

Fig. 3 illustrates by way of example details of the conoid of Fig. 1 which displaces the rack 44 proportionally to The movement-of rotation of conoid 45 is obtained by the rotation ofa key 221 en'- gaging a recess 222 provided in such conoid and its movement of translation is produced by the rotation of a screw 53 which can rotate freely. on the shaft 46 between. the two collars 223 and 224 integral with the latter. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate the mechanical tachometerwhich may. be used in practice instead of the magneto 102 and the voltmeter 103 illustrated in the diagram of Fig. 2 in order to obtain .7

and instead of the driving carriage of the pointer .87. We find here again the ruler 319, rod 165 (Fig. 4), handle 86 and pointer 101, which serve to determine 0. g 225 and 226 illustrate two mechanical tachometers operated by the handle 86 and measuring v I i These two apparatus are of the known type which give a deviation, the direction of which is always the same and the pointer of which is locked in the zero position when the speed is nil. They are mounted in a common casing which is not shown and are alter nately operated by a vertical shaft 227 through any suitable means such as ratchet.

and pawl mechanism (not shown) in such a manner that according to the direction ofrotation of the latter, one only of the two tachometers is put into service whilst the other is in the position of rest. 22S and 229 operate, instead of the ordinary pointers, adifierential gear 230, the satellites of which carry the toothed wheel 231, gearing with a rack 232 to which a pointer 101 is fixed.- It is thus-seen that the said pointer which for a The driving of the shaft 227 is to be I obtained by means of pinions 233, 2.34, the bearing member 235 mounted on the screw 236, and the projection 237, the end of which engages in a groove 238 provided along a screw 236. 1 In order that 233, 234 shall remain in engagement it is necessary that 235 shall be driven together with displacement of the carriage 239 which supports 225 and 22.6. This displacement is obtained by a bearing 240 integral with 239 which acts'in one direction upon 234 and in the other direction-upon a collar 241 fixed to the memher 235.

The displacement of the carriage 239 is obtained by means of a nut 241'fixed to 239 and mounted on a screw 236. The ruler. 319 receives vertical displacements .equalto Pa f through the mter mediary of a rack 242, of pinions 243, 244 andof a rack 245 fixed to 165 (Fig. 4).

A rod 246 parallel to 236 and traversing a socket 247 fixed to 239 serves to support the whole arrangement and to prevent its rotation around 236.

For the tachometers, 225 and 226, apparatus based on the following known principle will'preferably be used:

A lock-work mechanism the rotation of a shaft 236 establishes during t, seconds a coupling between the said shaft and -a wheel which is afterwards constantly brought into its starting position, then cou pled again during a period of t seconds and so on. An escaping mechanism allows of maintaining the measure of the last angular I The shafts wound up by displacement imparted to the wheel; This mitting rheostat will be mechanicallycone for displacement is in fact proportional notto but to the product of t, by the mean speed dt m 115) d} o and on the contrary this solution has in practice the advantage of facilitating in a large measure the reading of the fuse-setting vention at the desired moment of an optical as the pointer 161 remains then movable relatively to the carriage during t seconds. The adoption of tachometer-s provided with clock work mechanisms and established asit has just been explainedpermits the inter- -or acoustic signal for adjusting the regularity of the firing or.prefe'rably provides for automatically operating an" electric switch to actuate the firing or preferably provides for automatically 0 crating an electric switch gto actuate the ring, In order to obtain the .maximum of efliciency it is necessar that the indication of the fusesetting or the ('n/1) shot be transmitted a little before the n shot has been fired in time to perform his work; it will therefore be necessary to provide for a certain angular gapbetwecn the escapement of thetachom 'eters and the actuation of the firing mech-- anism. It seems useless to insist on the importance of-these connections since the acvwhich is necessary for the firing'of the shot 'azlmuth'to the by means of electro-magnets placed on each of the ns. i c l ,1

The use-settings may be. transmitted :by

ktelephoneo'r by an electric transmission of the same t pe as the one illustrated in} Fig.

11. n the latter case, and when use is ma eof fuse setting a paratus it will be preferable to mechanical y interconnect the latter with'the actuator of'the receivingv rheostat. When use is made of mechanical fuses, the operation of thetrans- Fig.-, 6 .illus t-rates diagrammatically 7 Vice which may .be used for actuating the nected to the handle 86 of Fig. 2.

a dehandles 8 and -12'0f the training and elevating mechanisms.

, 248 illustrates an electric motor having a shaft 249 which rotates two driving disks 7 253 and 254 by means of a worm 250 and a worm .Wheel 251, keyed to' a shaft 252, on which are mounted said disks. wheels 255 and 256, which frictionally engage said driving disks, and which may be Milled I displaced along the diameters of the latter, i

are slidably mounted on two shafts257 and 258. Milled wheels 255 and 256vrotate said shafts'b means of projections which engage longitu inal grooves formed in the shafts.

The upper bearings 259, 260 are arranged in such a manner as'to be capable of oscillating around two axes erpendicular to the planeof the figure whilst thelower bearings '261, 262, lodged in oval bearings allowing them to be displaced in the. plane. of the figure, are subjected to the action of springs 263', 264 which maintain wheels 255 and 256 in frictional and 254. 1 i The displacement of 255 dles 265, '26'6;whi chrotate the screws 267 engagement with plates 253' and 256' along 257 and 258 is obtained by acting uponjhan '268on which are-mounted the nuts 269, 270 f integral with the forks 271, 272. -It is seen that if the motor 248, rotates atlconstant speed, speeds .will be obtained at 273, 274 which will be'gvariable at wi ll in amount and direction. These ends magnetos 20 and 23 have been illustrated-in Fig.6 and theshafts '130311 and 1551 of shafts and 274 are usedsuch a manner that the fuse setter shall have p ng the h s On i h a inoilnt ed the handles 8' and 12 0f Flg. 2. The.

pinion of which is driven by the shafts 273,,'

274 whilstthe other can be displacedlby actuating the handles 277 and 278 whichare' used for, bringing back, when necessary the of the telescopes 1 and 2 whilst the handles 265,: 266 should serve only for'fixing the images relatively to the cross wires by imiinagcs ofthe objective on the cross wires artin to the telescopes an ular s 1 ds qual t o those ofthe objective? It will be noticed that theoperation of 277 and 278g 2 for sen ing the an les of elevation -and--.-has"no influence on the voltage of the mag shocks in the working of 1 general arrangement I vto 8, f nction of the angles of sites a fand of the duration f, of the flight and the fuse- 1 82) in the value of the angle of elevation setting 6 considered as functions of f and of l-v. The future angles of site have been measured vertically and the values of f horizontally. The curves corresponding to the values of H have been drawn in full lines and the curves corresponding ,to the value of e in dotted lines.

The operation of the corrector re uires a crew of six men whose duties are as ollows: A trainer who actuates handle 8 in such a manner as to maintain the image of the object on the verticalwireof the cross wires of the telescope 1.

sults 1. The armature suppl portional to 'dto '2. The whole of the apparatus is driven around the vertical axis '6.

3. An azimuthal displacement of the obective is transmitted to the gun (through ies a voltage pro- 179) and to the conoids 166 and 139 which give the wind' corrections.

I A pointer actuat s handle 12 in such .a

manner as to maintain the image of the object on the horizontal wire of the crosswires of the telescope 2. This simple operation gives automatically the following resuits:

1. The armature 23 supplies avoltage 35 which is proportional to The telescope 1 is carried along ,when; pointing telescope. 2 through the angle of\ v '3. The zenithal displacement of the obj'ective is transmitted to the gun. (through 182) and to the conoids 45, 61, 66 and 106, to the sheet of the graph '88,

The-third :member of the crew of opera- 'tives actuates handle 31 in such a manner as to maintain the pointer "29 opposite a .fixed point. This simple operationproduces automatically the following results:

1. The correction 8 is introduced, (through 179) in the'value of the angle of training transmitted to the gun. 2. The correction 8 is transmitted to the conoid 66 which gives the second term of the correction of the angle-of site cosoz sina The fourth member of the crew actuates handle 40 in such a manner that the pointer 37 ,is'maintained opposite 39. This sim 1e operation produces automatically the 017 lowin results: l

1, he cogrection a is introduced (through with sai mg and e responding to the height H which is indi-' cated and reads and announces from f to If, seconds the setting of the fuse indicated by-the pointer 101.

The operation of 1. The movable brushes 22 and 25 are displaced through an angle which is proportional to f,.

2. The valueof f, istransmitted to the conoid 106 which? gives the tangent eleva 'tion It and transmits, in its turn, the latter value to-the "gun by 182.

The sixth member of the crew actuates handle 151 in'such a manner as to place the I pointer 152 opposite the graduation corresponding to the value whitg is indicated for. the angle p. He then rota s drums 218, 164

and 178 to suitable positions and actuates handles 162 and 176in such a manner as to -maintain the pointers 163 and 177 upon the curves corresponding to the value which is indicated'for W. The latter two operations displace longitudinally, through the desired distance, the wind conoids 166 and.

139. i Having now particularly described and 1 ascertained the nature of my said invention,

the handle 86 produces h 51m 18 p a automatically the following results: 8 16 produces automatically the ollowmg re:

and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim'is:- ,1. In a fire-control system of the type employing sighting means, and training and elevating means therefor, means operatively connected to said training and elevating means for receivin and azimuth of idle objective from said sighting means, means including conoids operatively connected with said receiving rmeans for determining kinetic corrections forthe azimuthal and zenithal velocity of said objective, and; wind correction means includin conoids operatively connected receiving means. V 2. In a fire-control system of the type em ploying sightingv means provided with trainevating means, means operatively connected'to said training and elevating means for receiving the angles of elevation andazi- .muth of the objective from said sighting means, means including a -plurality of rheo- 'stats and conoids operatively connected with said receiving means for determinin kinetic corrections for the azimuthal and zenithalvelocity of said objective, wind correction -means including a plurality of the angles of elevation conoids and manually operable members 1 operatively connected with said receiving means, and means including, rheostats having rotatable contacts-operatively connected with said receiving means, kinetic correction means, and wind correction means.

6 3. In a fire-control system having sighting means and training and'elevating means therefor, a movable graph havin' formed thereon a plurality of time of fiig t curves and a plurality of fuse settin curves,

10 means including a pair of rollers oper 'vely connecting said graph to. said elevating means for moving the graph according to a cator means for the time of fli ht and fuse l5 setting curves, and means inclu ing a'rotatable handle for maintaining said indicator me'ans on selected curves, said apparatus being located at a distance from said gun.

.4. In a fire-control system having sight- 20 ing means, and training'and elevating means therefor, 21 pair of inagnetos actuated by said training and elevating means, movable and fixed brushes for each of said magnetos, means for moving said movable brushes 35 the movement of said armatures and sai brushes being such that the voltage supplied by one of said magnetos is proportional to the time of flight of a projectile fired from said guns and to the azimuthal angular speed of the objective 7 dz fax.

a and that supplied by the other magneto is proportional to said time of flight and to the z enithalangular speed of the objective few? a meansfor rotating said conoid asa function of. (a -+17), and a movable member engaging the surface of said conoid and operatlvely connected to said rheostat means.

6. An apparatus for controlling the fineof anti-aircraft guns comprising a graph having fuse-setting curves thereon formed according to a function of the time of flight of a pro ectile fired from one ofsaid guns f andthe future angle of site a+o', a movable carriage, a tachometer having a pointer a plurality of drums having scales forme mountedon said carria e, and time of fli ht means connected to sai tachometer for isplacing said carriage in such a manner that said pointer will occupy'a. position, relative to one of said curves, corresponding to the duration of flight of the projectile.

7. An apparatus for directing and controlling the fire of anti-aircraft guns comprising a pair of magneto armatures, a pair of movable armature brushes, a pair of areshaped rheostatsyeach of said rheostats hav- 1 ing an electrical connection with one of ,said function of the future angle of sight, indi-- brushes, a pair of movable contacts, each of said contacts slidably enga' 'ng one of said rheostats, a pair of'movab e rack members a pair of conoids mounted for longitudina and rotational movement, means for rotating said 'conoids according to a function of the initial angle of'site 11 means for longitudinally displacing said conoids according to a function of the kinetic correction in site the movements of said conoids serving to move one of said contacts through an angular difiaance proportional to tan (m -Hr) ten d v 1 and the other of said contacts through an angular distance proportional to sin o- Q and a pair of voltmeterselectric'ally con- 7 nected to said rheostats, the movement of 190 i .one of said contacts, one of said armatures and one of said brushes beingsuch that the needle'of one'of said voltmeters is displaced through an angular distance proportional'to the time of fli ht f and the azimuthal angular speed 0 an objective and the movements of the other of said contacts, armatures and brushes displace the needle of the second voltmeter through an angular dis- 7 tance proportional to the time of flight, 7' 1 and the zenithal angular speed of said. ob- 1 jective. Y r a 8. In an apparatus for controlling the fire of anti-aircra guns, means for introducing into the vangle of site correction the supple- 5 mentary term comprising a movablly mounted conoid, means for rotating sai conoid v according to a function of a means for longitudinally 7 moving said conoid accordin to a function of-6, a voltmeter, and a var able zero indicator for saidfvoltmeter actuated by said conoid. c n i F 9. Ina fireoontrol system having sighting means and training and elevating means therefor, wind. correction means comprising angle of site, means for rotating said taining the differential coefficient of the. time of flight, f regarded as a functionof time t, comprising two mechanical tachomconoids, in accordance with the direction of the wind, and means operatively connecting said training means to said conoids.

10. In an apparatus for controlling and directin the fire of anti-aircraft guns, means or introducing a correction in the time of flight data made necessary by the wind, comprising a movable pointer, a movable conoid, means for rotatlng said conoid proportionally to the angle of azimuth, means for longitudinally displacing said conoid according to a function of the speed of the wind, and means interposed between said pointer and said conoid and actuated b the movement of the latter for displacing tld e pointer through a distance proportional to said correction.

11. In an apparatus for directing and controlling the filre of anti-aircraft guns including a training telescope and an ele- .vating telescope, a pair of magneto armatures, means for rotating said armatures and said telescopes at constant speeds, means for altering said speeds, and means including diiferential gears for rotating said telescopes without altering the speed-of rotation of said armatures. a r

' 12. In an a paratus for controlling the fire of anti-aircraft guns, means for .ob-

eters, a difierential gear positioned between said tachometers, and means connecting said gear and said tachometers in such'a inan- 'ner that the satellites of said gear will be displaced by said tachometers, in amount uct of the time guns and the speed in direction, proportionally to the prodregineired for setting the fuse of a projectile to fired from one of said of variation of the duration of flight.

13. In afire-control system of the type embodying sighting means and training and elevating means for said sighting means, an

armature actuated by said trainin means,

- means including a rheostat actuate by said training means proportionally to the azimuthal displacement of the ,firin-g objective,-

an armature actuated by said elevating means, means actuated by said elevating means including a rheostat proportionally to the zenithal displacement of the firing objective, means for introducing into the angles of train and elevation to be transmitted a correction proportional to a function of the kinetic correction in azimuth,

said means including a conoid for introducmatures proportional to the time of flight and for introducing into the angle of elevation to be transmitted a correction proportional to the tangent elevation and means including conoids for rotating the resistance coils of said *rheostats. a

14. In a fire-control system having sighting means, and training and elevating means therefor, an armature actuated by said training means, means including a rheostat actuated by said training means for transmitting an indication of the azimuthal displacement: of the firing objective, an armature-actuated by said elevating means, means actuated by said elevating means, including a rheostat for transmitting an indication of the zenithal displacement of thefiring objective,means for introducing into the transmitted angles of train and elevation a correction proportional to a function of the kinetic correction in azimuth, said means including a conoid for introducing'said correction into the angle of elevation, means including a voltmeter 'for introducing into the transmitted angle of. elevation -a kinetic correction'in elevation, means including a movable pointer for displacing the movable brushes of said arinatures proportional to the time of flight and-for introducing into the transmitted angle of elevation a correction proportional to the tangentv elevation, and means including conoids for introducing into the transmitted angles of train and elevation awind correction; 1 a I 15. In a fire-control system having sighting meansgin'd training and elevatin meansmeansbeing operatively' connected to sairL electrical means,

means for introducing windagevcorrections, and connecting mechanism'for said last named means and said training and elevatin -means.,

16. In a fire-contro systemhaving sighting means, and training and elevating means therefor, a plurality of armatures operatively connected to said training and ele-n vating means, movable brush for. said a'rmatures, means fordisplacing said brushes proportionally to the time of flight of a;

projectile fired from a gun to be controlled, and correctionmeans tor the action of the wind and for the angular velocity of the objective, said last-named means including 6 a plurality of conoids and rheostatsoperatively connected with said training and ele-,

vating means and with said brushes.

' 4 17. In a fire control system having a gun provided with indicators which are actuated 10 when the gun is trained and elevated and which is adapted for controlling and directing the fire of said gun against an objective that is assumed to travel in a straight line, at a constant altitude, and at a uniform 16 speed from the moment that a shell is fired from said'gun, a corrector' located at a distance' from said gun, comprising a plurality ofarmature's, rheostats having connection with the brushes of said armatures, means for varying the effective resistance of said rheo-, stats, a plurality of rheostats having movable resistance coils, means '0 ratively connected with said first name rheostats for moving the contacts of said rheostats hav- 95 ing movable coils, and means for rotating said movable resistancecoils including manually operable windage correction means. 18. In a fire-control system of the followthe-pointer type, having sighting meafns,

training means therefor, and a gun provided with indicators at the gun, an armature actuated by said training means pro ortionally to the azimuthal angular speed of the objective a I a fixed brush for said armature,;a movable brush for said armature, means for displacing said movable brush as a function of the time of flight f,, a voltmeter in circuit 'with said brushes, a variable resistance in said circuit means for adjusting said resistance -pro ortionally to a function of the angle of site and-the kinetic correction of site;

(as) i8.l1 n I means for maintaining the, needle of said voltmeter at a constantlposition, a rheostat. having movable coils in circuit with said indicators at the gun, said rheostathaving'.

a movable contact operatively' connected to said last-named means, and means for moving said rheostat. coils whereby a correction in-deflection is introduced for the action ofthe wind. i

' 19. In a fire-control system of the follow the-pointer type, having sighting means, elevating means for'said sighting means, and a gun provided with indicators, an armature actuated by said elevating means pro= portionally to the zenithal angular speed of I:

the objective I da I I a fixed brush '-f or said armature, a. movable 'bruslefor'caid armature, means for displacmg saidfmovable brush as a function of the time of flight f,, a voltmeter in circuit with said'brushes, a variable resistance in said 1 1 e I circuit, means for ad ust1ng sa1d resistance proportionally to a function of the angle of site and the kinetic correction of site,

Sill i Sma an index for said voltmeter, means for adjusting said index,'means for maintaining the painter of said voltmeter in coincidence with said index, a rheostat having movable coils in circuitwith said indicators at the gun, said rheostat having a movable contact operatively. connected with said last-named means and said elevating means, means for correcting'the movement of, said contact-for the. tangent elevation h, and-means for moving said rheostat coils thereby introducing the wind.

20. In fire control apparatus for anti-aira correction in elevation 'forthe action of craft guns of the type ,embodying telescopic sighting means, means for maintaining the sighting means on a moving objective including a constant speed motor, and means ineluding manual the rate of movement imparted to j y operable members for varym the sig ting means by the constant speed motor. a

21. Infire control apparatus for anti-aircraft guns ofthe type embodying a pair of sightingv telescopes, means connecting said telescopes tor movement in unison, means" for moving said telescopes in accordance with the movement, of a target including a constant speed motor, variable speed means for each of said telescopes operatively con-' nected to saidmotor, and manually operable members 01 controlling said variable speed means. a

22. In apparatus for controlling the fire of anti-aircraft guns of the type embodying,

telescopic sighting means, means'for malntaining the sighting means on a moving objective including a constant speed motor,

variable speed transmitting means interposed between the motor and sighting means, andmanually operable means for adjusting'the variable speed transmitting means, a mov-' able graph, means for moving said graph, a pointer associated with'said graph, and a manually operable me'mberufor maintaining the movement of the manually oper said pointer on a selected curvenof the graph,

a le

member being proportional to the time of flight, fzt 23. In fire control apparatus of the type embodying telescopic sighting means, means for maintaining the sighting means on a moving objective including a constant speed motor, a graph, means operatively connectedto said second named means for moving said graph, amanually operable member operatively connected to said graph to vary the movement of the latter in accordance with the kinetic correction insight, a pointer associated with the said graph, and a manually operable member for maintaining said pointer on a selected curve on the graph, the

, movement of said last-named manually oper able member being proportional to the time of flight f g 24. In fire control apparatus for anti-aircraft guns of the type embodying telescopic sighting means, means for maintaining-the sighting means on a moving target including training and elevating mechanisms, a member actuated by the training mechanism according .to the azimuthal angular speed of the 'target a do; E5,

a manually operable member adapted to be moved proportionally to the time of flight f,, a manually operable member adapted to be moved proportionally to the kinetic correction in site a, means operatively connected to the second-named manually operable memher and to the elevating mechanism adapted for movement according to (1 being the angle of site, a device adapted to receive a compound movement the azimuthal angular speed and t n a -l-o' tan 01 i i and a manually operable member operatively 7 connected with said device for moving the latter in a direction contrary to its normal movement, the movement of the last-named member being proportional to the kinetic correction in direction. 8;

25. In fire control apparatus for anti-aircraft guns ofthe type embodying telescopic sighting means, and means for maintaining the sighting means on a moving target including training mechanism and elevating mechanism, a, manually operable member reportional to the product of the time of ight f 5 adapted to be moved according to the kinetic correction in direction 8, a manually operable member adapted to be moved according to the kinetic correct-ion in 'site 0', a man? ually operable member adapted to be moved according to the time of flight f and means actuated by the training and elevating mechanisms and by the'manually operable members including a member having amovement proportionate to the product of the time of flight f,, the azimuthal angular speed of the target dz v p and the tangent of the 'future angle of site divided by the tangent of the angle of site tan (ow-Fa) v a tan a" 26. In apparatus for controlling the fire of anti-aircraftguns of the type embodying telescopic sighting means, and means for maintaining the sighting means on a, movin r objective including elevating means an training means, amanually operable member adapted to be moved according to the kinetic correction in site '0; means actuated by the.

elevating means and by the manually operable member including a graph, and a memher having a movement proportional to sin a +er i sin (10 v .the graph being actuated according to the sum of the angle of site and the kinetic correction in site, 51 a pointer associated with said graph, and manually operable means for maintaining the pointer on a selected graph curve, the movement of the manual means for actuating-the inter being proportional to the, time of ight f.

27. In corrector apparatus for controlling the fire of anti-aircraft guns of the type embodying telescopic sighting means, and means including training mechanism and elevating mechanism for maintaining the sighting means on a moving'target, gra h mechanism including a pair of rollers an a member having curves thereon carried by sald rollers, motion transmltting means operatively connecting one of said-rollers to 4 the elevatingmechanism, a manually operable membe1-. coacting with ,the elevating mechanismfor actuating said one of the rollers, a pointer mounted ad acent said member having'curves thereon, and a manually operable member for "maintaining said pointergon a selected curve, the movement ofsaid last-named member being according to the duration of flight f 28. In apparatus for controlling the fire of v anti-aircraft guns of the type 

